A lot of stakeholders and a lot of challenges play a role in the public space. This means that an excellent design for the public space requires a lot of different angles of approach.

The traditional triple helix model, according to which the government, the academic world and the industry are brought together, is a good first step. However, a public space without public is inconceivable. That's why you may consider working with personas. This means that you create fictitious users, say Edward or Yara, and consistently consider your challenge and your solutions from their perspective. It’s even better to work with a quadruple helix partnership, meaning that “Edward” or “Yara” simply sits down at the table as the fourth actor.

Also take into account your internal stakeholders. For instance, if you intend to develop a project focusing on the management of green areas, not only the competent alderman is a stakeholder within your own local government, but also the people who are responsible for the actual maintenance of the green areas or the tourist information office.

It is therefore advisable to provide for different layers as regards types of shareholders, levels, sectors and disciplines. On the basis of these layers, you can map the stakeholders who are relevant for your challenge.